Popschmecker.de - Charts, Hitparade und goldene Schallplatte.Charts und die mediale Verbreitung von Musik

Charts, hit parade and golden record. Just as the Popmusik is, also those today admitted "Charts" or "Hitparaden", an invention 20. Century. Authors, composers - and particularly publishers - had already since the center 19. Century on the introduction of laws hang-works, which should assure the rights at the works published created by them and to them. On these efforts, 1901 in the German Reich became concerning the law copyright at works of the literature and the clay/tone art, to which forerunners later law over copyright and related patent rights (copyright) issue. The institute for musical performance rights was created. The percentages of profits for used compositions were determined by it. The music became the fixed, valuable property. If it still predominantly concerned with the requirements noticed by this exploitation corporation printed notes and public performances, the additional institute for musical-mechanical rights concentrated completely starting from 1909 on the products of the sound recording. After some Querelen, competitive situations and re-organizations in the 30's, 1947 finally transferred the society for musical to Germany performance and mechanical rights of reproduction (GEMA) the protection of interests of the composers, text poets and music publishers. In the USA the American Society OF Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) worried about the attention of copyrights and licencing of music starting from 1914. Additionally there also the competitive society Broadcast Music, Incorporated starting from 1939 - on initiative of the ever more successfully becoming broadcasting corporations - (BMI) developed. The domestic radio and - particularly in the USA - also the new Juke boxes for taverns, bars and restaurants became ever more popular. Different American maintenance and music magazines saw themselves soon encouraged by the success of the devices to present their readers lists and tables (English: Charts) from music pieces to to make those the freshly acquired, expensive box a success should. From this recommendation, which could be liked, the collection of the records with the time, which were already popular, developed. First still the regional Charts of local radiosendern and disk shops dominated. In addition, soon the first supraregional hit lists developed in the radio ("Jockey" or later "Airplay") or in the music boxes played plates. The distinction of the musical preferences on the basis of geographical criteria disappeared increasingly, but stepped now the partitioning into music directions and after race into the foreground. "Country & Western" and "Race Music" their own hit lists [ * ] got. first "Harlem hit Parade" for the collection of the most successful afro American music pieces the magazine published Billboard 1942. With the years from it the "Most Played Juke box Race Records" developed; and the "Best Selling Retail Race Records". 1949 decided the publishers then, which "Race" word; finally through "Rhythm & Blues" to replace. Billboards Country Charts began 1944 as "Most Played Juke box Folk Records" and developed over different Jukebox -, sales and radio Charts (as for instance Played Juke Hillbilly Records" "Most; or "Country & Western record Most Played By Folk disk Jockeys") to Country Singles" "Hot; (starting from 1962).